IL-6 induction by high-dose PDE4 inhibition linked to rat mesenteric vasculitis
“An increased IL-6 expression (mRNA and protein) as a consequence of usage of high doses of pan-PDE4 inhibitors has been linked to the development of mesenteric vasculitis in rat [Dietsch 2006].”
Fast, extensive tissue distribution; moderate binding to ocular melanin but not skin melanin
“Tissue distribution of radioactivity from whole blood into peripheral tissues appeared to be fast and extensive. In pigmented rats, there was moderate affinity of radioactivity to melanin-containing tissues of the eye, but no discernible affinity to melanin in the skin.”
Vasculitis in rats and minipigs; absent in monkeys above clinical exposure
“As such, there were initial concerns for vasculitis in clinical studies, an unmonitorable condition. However, in a 39-week oral repeat-dose toxicology study in monkeys, no evidence of vascular inflammation was observed at exposures exceeding those of the maximum clinical dose.”