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Atlas/Monoclonal antibodies/Erbitux/Skipped studies

Erbitux: genotox, carcinogenicity and repro: done or skipped?

cetuximab · EGFR
Check my plan vs. these
Genotoxicity
Conducted (partial): Ames test and rat micronucleus test negative
“the applicant decided to perform a partial genotoxicity study using in vitro and in vivo assays in terms of an AMES test and a rat micronucleus test. No genotoxic potential of Cetuximab was observed.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 15Source ↗
Carcinogenicity
Not conducted; not required given life-expectancy in the intended advanced cancer indication
“Based on the life-expectancy in the intended therapeutic indication, no long-term carcinogenisity studies are required80.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 15Source ↗
Reproductive & developmental
Monkey embryo-fetal study: embryolethality and abortions, no fetal malformations
“While no fetal malformations occurred in offspring, there was an increased incidence of embryolethality and abortions at doses approximately 1 to 4 times the recommended dose of ERBITUX based on BSA.”
✓ VerifiedUS prescribing informationSource ↗
Safety pharmacology
Single-dose monkey CV/respiratory study plus endpoints in 39-week study: no cardiovascular or respiratory effects
“In conclusion, there were no indications of an effect of cetuximab on the cardiovascular and respiratory system.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 9Source ↗

Same question, other monoclonal antibodies

Actemra

tocilizumab · IL-6R
No special hazard in conventional genotoxicity studies

Adakveo

crizanlizumab · P-selectin
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Adbry

tralokinumab · IL-13
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Aduhelm

aducanumab · Aggregated amyloid-β
Not conducted; antibodies unable to interact with genetic material

Aimovig

erenumab · CGRP receptor
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Ajovy

fremanezumab · CGRP
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Alhemo

concizumab · TFPI
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Andembry

garadacimab · Factor XIIa
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Anthim

obiltoxaximab · B. anthracis PA
Not conducted

Arzerra

ofatumumab · CD20
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Avastin

bevacizumab · VEGF-A
Not conducted

Bavencio

avelumab · PD-L1
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Benlysta

belimumab · BLyS (BAFF)
Not conducted; not required for a monoclonal antibody

Beovu

brolucizumab · VEGF-A
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Beyfortus

nirsevimab · RSV F protein
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Bimzelx

bimekizumab · IL-17A/IL-17F
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Briumvi

ublituximab · CD20
Not recommended for biologics; an Ames assay was conducted and was negative

Cablivi

caplacizumab · von Willebrand factor (A1 domain)
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Campath

alemtuzumab · CD52
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Cimzia

certolizumab pegol · TNF-α
Conducted: negative in Ames, human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration and mouse micronucleus assays

Cinqair

reslizumab · IL-5
Not applicable for a protein; Ames and in vitro chromosomal aberration assays negative

Cosentyx

secukinumab · IL-17A
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Crysvita

burosumab · FGF23
Not conducted (not appropriate for monoclonal antibodies)

Cyramza

ramucirumab · VEGFR2
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Danyelza

naxitamab · GD2
Not conducted (ICH S6/S9, advanced cancer)

Darzalex

daratumumab · CD38
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Dupixent

dupilumab · IL-4Ra
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Ebanga

ansuvimab · Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Ebglyss

lebrikizumab · IL-13
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Emgality

galcanezumab · CGRP
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Empliciti

elotuzumab · SLAMF7
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Enflonsia

clesrovimab · RSV F protein (site IV)
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Enjaymo

sutimlimab · Complement C1s
Not conducted (monoclonal antibody, ICH S6)

Enspryng

satralizumab · IL-6R
Not conducted (antibodies unable to interact with genetic material)

Entyvio

vedolizumab · α4β7-integrin
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Evenity

romosozumab · Sclerostin
Not conducted (recombinant protein not expected to interact with DNA)

Evkeeza

evinacumab · ANGPTL3
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Exdensur

depemokimab · IL-5
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Fasenra

benralizumab · IL-5Rα
Not conducted; not applicable to a therapeutic protein

Gamifant

emapalumab · IFN-γ
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Gazyva

obinutuzumab · CD20
Not conducted (ICH S6/S9)

Herceptin

trastuzumab · HER2
Conducted: Ames, E. coli, human lymphocyte chromosome aberration and mouse micronucleus; all negative

Humira

adalimumab · TNF-α
Limited tests (bacterial mutation, mouse micronucleus) negative; not needed for a monoclonal antibody (ICH S6)

Hympavzi

marstacimab · TFPI
Not conducted; not scientifically appropriate for a monoclonal antibody

Ilaris

canakinumab · IL-1β
Not conducted (protein; ICH S6)

Ilumya

tildrakizumab · IL-23 p19
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Imaavy

nipocalimab · FcRn
Not conducted

Imfinzi

durvalumab · PD-L1
Not conducted

Imjudo

tremelimumab · CTLA-4
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Jemperli

dostarlimab · PD-1
Not conducted; not warranted for a biotechnology-derived product

Kevzara

sarilumab · IL-6R
Not conducted (not applicable to a monoclonal antibody)

Keytruda

pembrolizumab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Kisunla

donanemab · Amyloid-β (N3pG)
Not conducted; antibodies unable to interact with genetic material

Lartruvo

olaratumab · PDGFRα
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Leqembi

lecanemab · Amyloid-β protofibrils
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Libtayo

cemiplimab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Loqtorzi

toripalimab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Lucentis

ranibizumab · VEGF-A
Not conducted; acceptable given nature of compound

Margenza

margetuximab · HER2
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Monjuvi

tafasitamab · CD19
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Nemluvio

nemolizumab · IL-31RA
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Niktimvo

axatilimab · CSF-1R
Not conducted; antibodies not expected to interact with DNA

Nucala

mepolizumab · IL-5
Not conducted; not applicable to a therapeutic biologic protein

Ocrevus

ocrelizumab · CD20
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Omvoh

mirikizumab · IL-23 p19
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Opdivo

nivolumab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Pasatru

garetosmab · Activin A
Not evaluated; monoclonal antibodies not expected to alter DNA or chromosomes

Penpulimab

penpulimab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Perjeta

pertuzumab · HER2
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Piasky

crovalimab · Complement C5
Not conducted (biotechnology-derived pharmaceutical)

Portrazza

necitumumab · EGFR
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Poteligeo

mogamulizumab · CCR4
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Praluent

alirocumab · PCSK9
Not conducted (ICH S6); not expected to interact with DNA

Praxbind

idarucizumab · Dabigatran
Not conducted

Prolia

denosumab · RANKL
Not conducted; not necessary for a recombinant protein

Raxibacumab

raxibacumab · B. anthracis protective antigen
Not conducted

Remicade

infliximab · TNF-α
Complete battery performed despite limited value; no genotoxic activity

Repatha

evolocumab · PCSK9
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Rituxan

rituximab · CD20
Not conducted; omission considered justified

Rystiggo

rozanolixizumab · FcRn
Not conducted

Saphnelo

anifrolumab · IFNAR1
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Sarclisa

isatuximab · CD38
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Siliq

brodalumab · IL-17RA
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Simponi

golimumab · TNF-α
Not conducted

Simulect

basiliximab · IL-2Rα (CD25)
Negative in Ames and V79 Chinese hamster cell chromosomal aberration assays

Skyrizi

risankizumab · IL-23 p19
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Soliris

eculizumab · Complement C5
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Spevigo

spesolimab · IL-36R
Not conducted

Stelara

ustekinumab · IL-12/23 p40
Not conducted

Sylvant

siltuximab · IL-6
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Synagis

palivizumab · RSV F protein
Not conducted

Takhzyro

lanadelumab · Plasma kallikrein
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Taltz

ixekizumab · IL-17A
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Tecentriq

atezolizumab · PD-L1
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Tepezza

teprotumumab · IGF-1R
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Tevimbra

tislelizumab · PD-1
Not conducted (ICH S9)

Tezspire

tezepelumab · TSLP
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Tremfya

guselkumab · IL-23 p19
Not conducted (ICH S6R1)

Trogarzo

ibalizumab · CD4
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Tysabri

natalizumab · α4-integrin
Standard mutagenicity assays: no mutagenic potential

Tzield

teplizumab · CD3
Not conducted

Ultomiris

ravulizumab · Complement C5
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Unituxin

dinutuximab · GD2
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Unloxcyt

cosibelimab · PD-L1
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1)); large molecule not expected to interact with DNA

Uplizna

inebilizumab · CD19
Not conducted (ICH S6)

Vectibix

panitumumab · EGFR
Not conducted

Veopoz

pozelimab · Complement C5
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Voyxact

sibeprenlimab · APRIL
Not conducted (antibody lacks ability to interact directly with DNA)

Vyepti

eptinezumab · CGRP
Not conducted (ICH S6(R1))

Vyloy

zolbetuximab · Claudin 18.2
Not conducted (ICH S6 and S9)

Xolair

omalizumab · IgE
Ames test negative; full genotoxicity battery not conducted (no relevant species)

Yervoy

ipilimumab · CTLA-4
Not conducted

Zinbryta

daclizumab · IL-2Rα (CD25)
Not conducted; antibody not expected to interact directly with DNA

Zinplava

bezlotoxumab · C. difficile toxin B
Not conducted

Zynyz

retifanlimab · PD-1
Not conducted; not warranted

Summary across all 117 monoclonal antibodies →