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Cyfendus: which tox species, and why?

anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted · TLR9 (CpG 7909 adjuvant)
Species
Rat only
“All these GLP-compliant toxicology studies were performed in rats.”
✓ VerifiedFDA toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Why that species
Widely used toxicology species; rats responded to the vaccine and CpG 7909, confirmed by immunogenicity in each study
“The rat model was chosen for the safety evaluation of AV7909 as it is a widely used species for toxicology studies and rats were shown to respond appropriately to AV7909 and its component, CPG 7909, as confirmed by immunogenicity assessments conducted in each of the studies.”
✓ VerifiedFDA toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
No surrogate; the clinical vaccine and CpG 7909 adjuvant alone were tested side by side
“Test article-related findings were observed in the adjuvant alone (CPG 7909) group as well as the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), adjuvanted group with similar frequency and similar severity, which suggests that the findings were mostly induced by the adjuvant.”
✓ VerifiedFDA toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Species: general tox
Rat only
“All these GLP-compliant toxicology studies were performed in rats.”
✓ VerifiedFDA toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Species: DART
Female rat (pre/postnatal study with embryo-fetal phase, full human dose 0.5 mL)
“In a pre- and post-natal developmental study with an embryo-fetal development toxicity phase performed in female rats, a full human dose (0.5 mL) of CYFENDUS was administered by intramuscular injection on three occasions: 14 days prior to start of cohabitation, on the day of cohabitation, and on Gestation Day 7.”
✓ VerifiedUS package insert, p. 8Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted
“CYFENDUS has not been evaluated for carcinogenicity, mutagenic potential, or male infertility in animals.”
✓ VerifiedUS package insert, p. 9Source ↗
Surrogate used in
No surrogate used; CYFENDUS itself dosed in rats
“The applicant conducted a single-dose acute toxicity study, a repeat-dose safety toxicity study, a pre- and post-natal developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) study, as well as a juvenile repeat-dose toxicology study. All these GLP-compliant toxicology studies were performed in rats, and animals were dosed with CYFENDUS via IM injection, the intended route for human use.”
✓ VerifiedFDA summary basis for approval, p. 15Source ↗

Same question, other oligonucleotides

Amondys 45

casimersen · DMD exon 45 (PMO)
Adult male mouse and cynomolgus monkey; juvenile male rat

Amvuttra

vutrisiran · TTR (siRNA)
Rat and cynomolgus monkey (monkey only pharmacologically active; rat for off-target/class tox); rabbit EFD

Dawnzera

donidalorsen · Prekallikrein / KLKB1 (ASO)
Mouse (CD-1) and cynomolgus monkey

Defitelio

defibrotide · Fragmented DNA oligonucleotides
Rat and dog

Exondys 51

eteplirsen · DMD exon 51 (PMO)
Cynomolgus monkey and juvenile rat (eteplirsen); mdx/C57BL mouse incl. mouse surrogate

Givlaari

givosiran · ALAS1 (siRNA)
Rat and cynomolgus monkey (both pharmacologically active); rabbit inactive (EFD only)

Heplisav-B

hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant), adjuvanted · TLR9 (CpG 1018 adjuvant)
Mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey (repeat-dose); rabbit and baboon escalation studies

Izervay

avacincaptad pegol · C5 (aptamer)
Rabbit and dog (IVT ocular studies); rat and cynomolgus monkey (7-day IV); monkey the only pharmacologically relevant species

Kynamro

mipomersen · APOB (ASO)
Mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey (clinical ASO plus rodent surrogates)

Leqvio

inclisiran · PCSK9 (siRNA)
Rat and cynomolgus monkey (both pharmacologically active); rabbit for EFD

Macugen

pegaptanib · VEGF-165 (aptamer)
Rabbit and dog (pivotal IVT); rat IV for systemic; supportive monkey, mouse

Onpattro

patisiran · TTR (siRNA)
Rat and cynomolgus monkey (monkey pharmacologically active; rat off-target/LNP)

Oxlumo

lumasiran · HAO1 (siRNA)
Rat and cynomolgus monkey (both pharmacologically relevant); rabbit for EFD

Qalsody

tofersen · SOD1 (ASO)
Cynomolgus monkey (IT, relevant species), CD-1 mouse (SC) and rat single-dose IT

Qfitlia

fitusiran · Antithrombin / SERPINC1 (siRNA)
Healthy rat and cynomolgus monkey (GLP); hemophilia A mouse, hemophilia A dog and induced-HA monkey models

Redemplo

plozasiran · APOC3 (siRNA)
Rat (off-target toxicity) and cynomolgus monkey (pharmacologically relevant)

Rivfloza

nedosiran · LDHA (siRNA)
Cynomolgus monkey (relevant) plus mouse (nedosiran inactive; off-target assessment)

Rytelo

imetelstat · Telomerase (oligo)
Mouse and cynomolgus monkey (general tox); mouse and rabbit (EFD)

Spinraza

nusinersen · SMN2 (ASO)
Juvenile cynomolgus monkey (IT) and CD-1 mouse (SC, systemic effects)

Tegsedi

inotersen · TTR (ASO)
Mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey; monkey the only pharmacologically relevant species

Tryngolza

olezarsen · APOC3 (ASO)
Mouse (with surrogate) and cynomolgus monkey

Viltepso

viltolarsen · DMD exon 53 (PMO)
Male CD-1 mouse and male cynomolgus monkey (plus juvenile male mouse)

Vitravene

fomivirsen · CMV IE2 mRNA (ASO)
Rabbit and monkey

Vyondys 53

golodirsen · DMD exon 53 (PMO)
Mouse, cynomolgus monkey (adult males) and juvenile rat

Wainua

eplontersen · TTR (ASO)
Mouse and cynomolgus monkey (monkey the pharmacologically relevant species)

Waylivra

volanesorsen · APOC3 (ASO)
Mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey (rabbit for embryo-fetal); monkey most relevant

Zanvastro

zilganersen · GFAP (ASO)
Mouse (SC and ICV, juvenile) and juvenile monkey (intrathecal); mouse surrogate ASO arm

Summary across all 28 oligonucleotides →