Cosentyx: how was the first human dose set?

The public FDA and EMA reviews of Cosentyx don't say how the first human dose was chosen. That rationale is in the IND, which is confidential, so it is missing for most approved products.

Find the highest dose with no adverse effects (NOAEL) in each animal species, convert it to a human equivalent dose, usually by body surface area, pick the most appropriate species, then divide by a safety factor (default 10) to get the maximum recommended starting dose.

NOAEL / key findings: NOAEL 50 mg/kg/week in monkey repeat-dose studies, based on clinical chemistry effects and immunotoxicity (lymphocyte, B- and T-cell decreases) at high dose (FDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 7)

Full method, every step sourced →